{"id":2260,"date":"2015-09-30T06:12:53","date_gmt":"2015-09-30T00:42:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/?p=2260"},"modified":"2017-09-30T06:20:14","modified_gmt":"2017-09-30T00:50:14","slug":"hrishikesh-mukherjee-interview","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/hrishikesh-mukherjee-interview\/","title":{"rendered":"Hrishikesh Mukherjee: Giving Cinema a New Definition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_2261\" style=\"width: 347px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2261\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2261\" src=\"http:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/image001.jpg\" alt=\"Hrishikesh Mukherjee\" width=\"337\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/image001.jpg 337w, https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/image001-300x401.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/image001-150x200.jpg 150w, https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/image001-112x150.jpg 112w, https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/image001-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 337px) 100vw, 337px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2261\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hrishikesh Mukherjee<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Hrishikesh Mukherjee gave Hindi cinema a new definition when he graduated from editing to direction without having given up his first love \u2013 editing. He defined Hindi mainstream cinema in terms of wholesome family entertainment richly interwoven with a strong storyline, good music, solid, full-blooded characterizations and a probing, dissecting look into human inter-relationships.<\/p>\n<p>In essence, honesty has been the hallmark of his films which neither pretended to be of the arty-intellectual kind nor compromised to the demands of the box office. Yet, they grew in popularity in terms of the box office taking veterans by surprise. . Hrishi-da belonged to an era where film people did not wear that imaginary halo of stardom around their heads that alienated them from the mainstream. It was easy to draw him out and make him talk about his long experience in cinema.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think I am the only director to have directed the triumvirate of Hindi cinema \u2013 Dilip Kumar, Dev Anand and Raj Kapoor,\u201d he says proudly.<\/p>\n<p>Mukherjee began his career in 1945, where he learnt editing on the job at New Theatres in Calcutta. \u201cThere was no FTII (Film and Television Institute of India) then and we learnt mostly through observing others at work, or while working ourselves. Those who could have taught us did not. World War II brought a slump in film production and then, those who were willing to teach, could not.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>His first independent work as editor was for the Bengali film <em>Tathapi<\/em>. \u201cI then came down to Bombay in 1951 to team up with Bimal Roy who too, had just migrated.\u201d He edited films like <em>Maa<\/em>, <em>Do Bigha Zamin, Parineeta<\/em>, etc. By then, he was bent upon getting into direction seriously and his first effort at producing and directing his own film was <em>Musafir,<\/em> composed of three short stories conceived by Mukherjee himself while Ritwik Ghatak collaborated on the script.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c2150a;\"><em><strong>Sa re ga ma<\/strong><\/em> (<em>Chupke Chupke<\/em>, 1975)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/F_woPJC76Kg\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>He not only gave break to absolutely new faces, but he could also extract completely out-of-the-box performances from actors who already were slotted into their own genre of films. Dharmendra for instance, gave his best performance as a poet and a lover in <em>Anupama<\/em> opposite Sharmila Tagore. Sharmila too, had the rare opportunity of doing a very low-key character who hardly speaks.<\/p>\n<p>In <em>Chupke Chupke<\/em>, Amitabh Bachchan came out of his slot and added spice with his comic take in an interesting role pretending to be a professor of Botany. Bachchan gave mind-blowing performances in <em>Alaap<\/em> and <em>Namak Haraam<\/em>. <em>Alaap<\/em> had flopped but it was one of Mukherjee\u2019s best-made films exploring the multiple layers that make a father-son relationship.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2262\" style=\"width: 380px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2262\" class=\"wp-image-2262 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/Bawarchi.jpg\" alt=\"Bawarchi\" width=\"370\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/Bawarchi.jpg 370w, https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/Bawarchi-300x249.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/Bawarchi-150x124.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2262\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rajesh Khanna did a completely against-the-grain character in <em>Bawarchi<\/em> adapted from Tapan Sinha\u2019s <em>Golpo Holeo Shatti<\/em>.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>Khubsoorat<\/em> gave a completely different perspective to the talents that lay hidden in Rekha while veteran Ashok Kumar marked one of his milestone performances in <em>Aashirwad<\/em>. <em>Mili<\/em> presented Bachchan as a character that evolves from a pessimistic, unfriendly man who hates kids and avoids socializing to an empathetic and enlightened lover while Jaya complimented him only as she could.<\/p>\n<p><em>Arjun Pandit<\/em> presented Sanjeev Kumar in a very unusual role on the story based on a novel by the noted Bengali litt\u00e9rateur Banaphool. Rajesh Khanna could hardly repeat his performance in <em>Anand <\/em>where, dying of cancer, he spreads hope and cheer among people who have a long life ahead of them. Johny Walker perhaps got his greatest break in a small cameo in the film. Rajesh Khanna did a completely against-the-grain character in <em>Bawarchi <\/em>adapted from Tapan Sinha\u2019s <em>Golpo Holeo Shatti<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c2150a;\"><em><strong>Zindagi kaisi hai paheli hai<\/strong><\/em> (<em>Anand<\/em>, 1971)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3vgDb4TQneA\" width=\"100%\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>He lamented the changes that made it impossible for a filmmaker like him to make films anymore. \u201cMy first film <em>Musafir,<\/em> shot in Black-and-White, (1957), was released all over India for a meager sum of rupees six lakhs. Today, the ambience has changed. Like it or not, we must make way for the new generation of cinema culture that is being redefined by the new entertainment symbols like MTV, rap, uncensored video on which a child can watch a blue film for ten rupees. I am no part of this scene. Besides, I do not have the patience to work with the big team that one needs to make a film. I get easily annoyed and irritated.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2263\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2263\" class=\"wp-image-2263\" src=\"http:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/Anand.jpg\" alt=\"Rajesh Khanna, Amitabh Bachchan and Sumita Sanyal in Anand (1971)\" width=\"400\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/Anand.jpg 630w, https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/Anand-400x273.jpg 400w, https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/Anand-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/09\/Anand-150x102.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2263\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rajesh Khanna, Amitabh Bachchan and Sumita Sanyal in Anand (1971)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>He was angry with the powers-that-be for its failure to tackle the video menace through properly framed and implemented censorship. \u201cThe government is either incompetent, or is part of the whole corrupt drama. Imagine children watching all kinds of programmes and films they ought not to watch. Is the administration deaf and blind? It may be that but it is definitely not mute,\u201d he accused.<\/p>\n<p>Some critics accused Mukherjee of having pandered to this same administration with a serial like <em>Hum Hindustani<\/em> for Doordarshan. He shrugged this away with, \u201cI don\u2019t find what\u2019s wrong with making a serial on a governmental scheme I personally agree with. <em>Hum Hindustani<\/em> was inspired by the Family Planning programme. If I agree with a government programme, this does not mean I am pandering to the government, does it? After being in this line for five decades, do you believe that I need to pander to them?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTelevision has a different format, calls for a different approach towards creativity. It lends itself ideally to the short story format. Of the serials I have made, my favourite is <em>Dhoop Chhaon<\/em>, a six-episode serial of six short stories penned by noted authors from across the world. Doordarshan requested me to give them some more episodes. But I am not sure whether I will go ahead and make it,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>Mukherjee had one serial going on the national hookup on a primetime slot in 1995. <em>Ujale Ki Or<\/em> had an impressive line of artists, from the small and big screen. Content-wise, <em>Ujale Ki Or<\/em> was a hotchpotch of several governmental schemes of rural upliftment. In true Mukherjee tradition, it was a neat drama with power-packed performances. For some mysterious reason known to the powers-that-be at Mandi House, it was called off. It touched upon preservation of the environment, respect for the revival of indigenous medicine, widow remarriage, initiation of employment generating schemes for rural youth and so on. Somehow, the Mukherjee magic was missing.<\/p>\n<p>Like most talented filmmakers, Mukherjee had a wonderful ear and feel for music and chose his music directors and lyricists with great care. Almost all music directors of his time scored the music for his films. <em>Alaap<\/em> had music by Jaidev while Rahi Masoom Raza wrote the lyrics and the dialogue. <em>Bawarchi<\/em>\u2019s music was scored by Madan Mohan while <em>Chupke Chupke<\/em> and <em>Mili\u2019s<\/em> music was by S.D. Burman.<\/p>\n<p><em>Bemisaal<\/em> which did not do well but had melodious songs had the score done by R.D. Burman. <em>Naram Garam<\/em> did not do well commercially but it was a hilarious film with a mind-blowing music track by R.D. Lakshmikant-Pyarelal composed for <em>Satyakam<\/em> while Hemant Kumar wrote the music for <em>Majhli Didi<\/em> and <em>Anupama<\/em>. <em>Anupama<\/em> was was edited by Das Dhaimade instead of Mukherjee himself who is one of the best editors Indian cinema has ever produced. The best of all these is Pandit Ravi Shankar who wrote the music tracks for <em>Anupama<\/em> with lyrics penned by Shailendra. This film was also edited by Das Dhaimade.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c2150a;\"><em><strong>Kuch dil ne kaha<\/strong><\/em> (<em>Anupama<\/em>, 1966)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/69dnqIFfrnE\" width=\"100%\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>His first film <em>Musafir,<\/em> has Salil Chowdhury\u2019s name as music director while Ritwik Ghatak is credited with the three stories in the film. Chowdhury is also responsible for several other films of Mukherjee such as <em>Chhaya<\/em> and <em>Memdidi<\/em>. <em>Anari<\/em>, <em>Aashiq <\/em>and <em>Asli Naqli<\/em> had music by Shankar Jaikishen. Incidentally, Motilal, one of the most outstanding \u2018gentleman\u2019 actors of Indian cinema, portrayed a memorable cameo in <em>Asli Naqli<\/em>. Vasant Desai scored the music for <em>Aashirwad<\/em> which has the unforgettable <em>railgadi<\/em> song \u2013 actually a poem \u2013 recited to rhythmic beats by Ashok Kumar to kids in a park.<\/p>\n<p>He appreciated the rapid strides in technology but did not care for the way technology was being used by filmmakers and technicians. \u201cTechnique is the means to an end, not an end in itself. Technology therefore, has no meaning if you are not sure what you have set out to do. For people of my generation, what we wished to achieve always took priority over <em>how<\/em> we wished to achieve it. Technology should develop along with the urge of what is it that we want to do and how can we use technology to do it. Not the other way round.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Among the younger generation of filmmakers, Hrishikesh Mukherjee admired the work of Gautam Ghosh. In television when satellite channels did not rule your daily time-table, he liked Nalini Singh\u2019s <em>Hello Z<\/em><em>indagi<\/em>. He admired Mani Ratnam and Adoor Gopalakrishnan.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c2150a;\"><strong><em>Rail gaadi<\/em> and <em>Naani ki naav chali<\/em><\/strong>(<em>Aashirwad<\/em>, 1968)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Pq3NJveIZ9g\" width=\"100%\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>About the state of television in the country at the time, he said, \u201ctoday\u2019s television programmes are 90 per cent entertainment. It is a <em>pot pourri<\/em> of everything. There are current affairs, there is MTV, and there are chat shows, game shows, serials, and soaps. Television has offered me the opportunity of working with some of the best talents on the small screen from Neena Gupta to Alok Nath, from Pankaj Kapoor to Renuka Israni, from Rajendra Gupta to Harish Patel, actors from the National School of Drama I might never have got to work with had I not got into television. I might want to make a serial tomorrow. I might not want to, I do not know. I am too tired. There is talk about a feature film too. And at this point, all I can say is \u2013 let\u2019s wait and watch.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He was once chairman of the Central Board of Film Certification. Did he agree with the concept of censorship for Doordarshan? \u201cIn a welfare state, some kind of control is definitely called for. But it depends on <em>who<\/em> exercises that control. If it is exercised by a bunch of nitwits, then it means nothing. What credentials do these so-called controllers have? So, just as food is adulterated despite laws against it, drugs are adulterated despite drug control, it is natural that entertainment also is adulterated. This is sad because of the impact it has on children.\u201d He won the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1999 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2001.<\/p>\n<p>He agreed that television and cinema can bring about social change, \u201cits capacity to arouse and perhaps generate social consciousness has definitely been overestimated.\u201d The last cryptic remark is probably inspired from the possibility of some significant films of his that turned out to be flops. An example is <em>Satyakam<\/em>. He also expressed his doubt about <em>Anand <\/em>and <em>Khubsoorat<\/em> flopping as remakes or if the originals were to be re-released in the theatres next to a <em>Khalnayak<\/em> or a <em>Karan-Arjun<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c2150a;\"><em>Author\u2019s Note: This is based on a lengthy interview the author had with the filmmaker when he \u00a0was completely bedridden, before he passed away.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>More to read<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/hrishikesh-mukherjee\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Hrishikesh Mukherjee: In a Genre of His Own<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/dev-anand\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Main Zindagi Ka Saath Nibhata Chala Gaya \u2013 Evergreen Dev Anand<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/asit-sen-film-director\/\">Asit Sen: Sensitive, Women-Centric Films in a Class of their Own<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/gulzar-filmmaker\/\">Gulzar: Creating a New Genre of Lyrical Romance<\/a><\/strong> <\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Honesty has been the hallmark of Hrishikesh Mukherjee&#8217;s films which neither pretended to be of the arty-intellectual kind nor compromised to the demands of the box-office. A tribute based on a lengthy interview Shoma A Chatterji had with Hrishikesh Mukherjee.<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":580,"featured_media":3764,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[424],"tags":[931,1406,1404,1405],"class_list":["post-2260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-indian-cinema-retrospectives","tag-hrishikesh-mukherjee","tag-hrishikesh-mukherjee-interview","tag-hrishikesh-mukherjee-movies","tag-hrishikesh-mukherjee-songs"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/580"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2260"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2260\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learningandcreativity.com\/silhouette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}